Goedel-Prover-V2: The Strongest Open-Source Theorem Prover to Date

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## 1. Introduction We introduce Goedel-Prover-V2, an open-source language model series that sets a new state-of-the-art in automated formal proof generation. Built on the standard expert iteration and reinforcement learning pipeline, our approach incorporates three key innovations: (1) **Scaffolded data synthesis**: We generate synthetic proof tasks of increasing difficulty to progressively train the model, enabling it to master increasingly complex theorems; (2) **Verifier-guided self-correction**: The model learns to iteratively revise its own proofs by leveraging feedback from Lean’s compiler, closely mimicking how humans refine their work; (3) **Model averaging**: We combine multiple model checkpoints to improve robustness and overall performance. Our small model, Goedel-Prover-V2-8B, reaches 83.0% on MiniF2F test set at Pass@32, matching the performance of prior state-of-the-art DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B while being nearly 100 times smaller in model size. Our flagship model, Goedel-Prover-V2-32B, achieves 88.0% on MiniF2F at Pass@32 on standard mode and 90.4% on self-correction mode, outperforming prior SOTA DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B and concurrent work Kimina-Prover-72B by a large margin. Additionaly, our flagship model with self-correction solves 64 problems on PutnamBench at Pass@64, securing the 1st on the leaderboard surpassing DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B's record of solving 47 problems by Pass@1024. ## 2. Benchmark Performance **Self-correction mode**: Our model improves proof quality by first generating an initial candidate and then using Lean compiler feedback to iteratively revise it. We perform two rounds of self-correction, which remain computationally efficient—the total output length (including the initial proof and two revisions) increases only modestly from the standard 32K to 40K tokens.

**Figure 1**: *Pass@32 performance on MiniF2F, PutnamBench, and our new MathOlympiadBench containing 360 IMO-level problems.*

The charts above demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of Goedel-Prover-V2. We report all numbers at Pass@32: (1) Across all three datasets, our flagship 32B model, in both standard and self-correction mode, significantly outperforms prior state-of-the-art DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B and Kimina-Prover-72B; (2) on miniF2F, our 8B model matches the performance of DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B while being 100 times smaller in model size.

#	Model	num‑solved	compute
1	Goedel-Prover-V2-32B (self-correction mode)	86	Pass@192
1	Goedel-Prover-V2-32B (self-correction mode)	57	Pass@32
1	Goedel-Prover-V2-32B	43	Pass@32
2	DeepSeek‑Prover‑V2-671B	47	Pass@1024
2	DeepSeek‑Prover‑V2-671B	22	Pass@32
3	DSP+	23	Pass@128
4	Kimina‑Prover‑7B‑Distill	10	Pass@192
5	Self-play Theorem Prover	8	Pass@3200
6	Goedel-Prover-V1	7	Pass@512

Table 1: PutnamBench leaderboard. Goedel-Prover-V2-32B secures the top rank with significantly less compute (pass number) than the previous state-of-the-art.

## 3. Compelling Scaling Performance

**Figure 2**: *Performance on MiniF2F test set under different sample budgets.*

The scaling curves above show that our 32B model consistently outperforms all prior state-of-the-art models across the entire range of inference-time compute budgets. ## 4. Model & Dataset Downloads We release our Goedel-Prover-V2 models and the new MathOlympiadBench benchmark to foster future research.

| Model | Download | | -------- | -------- | | Goedel-Prover-V2-32B | [🤗Download](https://huggingface.co/Goedel-LM/Goedel-Prover-V2-32B) | | Goedel-Prover-V2-8B | [🤗Download](https://huggingface.co/Goedel-LM/Goedel-Prover-V2-8B) |

| Dataset | Download | | -------- | -------- | | MathOlympiadBench | [🤗Download](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Goedel-LM/MathOlympiadBench) |

**MathOlympiadBench** (Math Olympiad Bench) comprises human-verified formalizations of Olympiad-level mathematical competition problems, sourced from [Compfiles](https://dwrensha.github.io/compfiles/imo.html) and [IMOSLLean4 repository](https://github.com/mortarsanjaya/IMOSLLean4). MathOlympiadBench contains 360 problems, including 158 IMO problems from 1959 to 2024, 131 IMO shortlist problems covering 2006 to 2023, 68 regional mathematical Olympiad problems, and 3 additional mathematical puzzles. This model is being released to aid other open-source projects, including those geared towards the upcoming IMO competition. A full paper with all details will be released in the coming weeks. ## 5. Environment Setup We follow [DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5](https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5), which uses Lean 4 version 4.9 and the corresponding Mathlib. Please refer to the following instructions to set up the environments. ### Requirements * Supported platform: Linux * Python 3.10 ### Installation 1. **Install Lean 4** Follow the instructions on the [Lean 4 installation page](https://leanprover.github.io/lean4/doc/quickstart.html) to set up Lean 4. 2. **Clone the repository** ```sh git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/Goedel-LM/Goedel-Prover-V2.git cd Goedel-Prover-V2 ``` 3. **Install required packages** ```sh conda env create -f goedelv2.yml ``` If you encounter installation error when installing packages (flash-attn), please run the following: ```sh conda activate goedelv2 pip install torch==2.6.0 conda env update --file goedelv2.yml ``` 4. **Build Mathlib4** ```sh cd mathlib4 lake build ``` 5. **Test Lean 4 and mathlib4 installation** ```sh cd .. python lean_compiler/repl_scheduler.py ``` If there is any error, reinstall Lean 4 and rebuild mathlib4. If you have installed Lean and Mathlib for other projects and want to use the pre-installed things, note that you might need to modify `DEFAULT_LAKE_PATH` and `DEFAULT_LEAN_WORKSPACE` in `lean_compiler/repl_scheduler.py`. ## 6. Quick Start You can directly use [Huggingface's Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) for model inference. ```python from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer import torch torch.manual_seed(30) model_id = "Goedel-LM/Goedel-Prover-V2-32B" tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id) model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, trust_remote_code=True) formal_statement = """ import Mathlib import Aesop set_option maxHeartbeats 0 open BigOperators Real Nat Topology Rat theorem square_equation_solution {x y : ℝ} (h : x^2 + y^2 = 2*x - 4*y - 5) : x + y = -1 := by sorry """.strip() prompt = """ Complete the following Lean 4 code: ```lean4 {}``` Before producing the Lean 4 code to formally prove the given theorem, provide a detailed proof plan outlining the main proof steps and strategies. The plan should highlight key ideas, intermediate lemmas, and proof structures that will guide the construction of the final formal proof. """.strip() chat = [ {"role": "user", "content": prompt.format(formal_statement)}, ] inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(chat, tokenize=True, add_generation_prompt=True, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device) import time start = time.time() outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_new_tokens=32768) print(tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs)) print(time.time() - start) ``` ## 7. Batch Inference and Self-correction ```sh bash scripts/pipeline.sh ``` ### 8. Citation ```bibtex @article{lin2025goedelproverv2, title={Goedel-Prover-V2: Scaling Formal Theorem Proving with Scaffolded Data Synthesis and Self-Correction}, author={Lin, Yong and Tang, Shange and Lyu, Bohan and Yang, Ziran and Chung, Jui-Hui and Zhao, Haoyu and Jiang, Lai and Geng, Yihan and Ge, Jiawei and Sun, Jingruo and others}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.03613}, year={2025} } ```